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The Kent Coalfield was a coalfield located in the eastern part of the English county of Kent. The Coalfields Trust defines the Kent Coalfield as the wards of Barnham Downs and Marshside in the Canterbury district, and the wards of Aylesham, Eastry, Eythorne & Shepherdswell, Middle Deal & Sholden, Mill Hill and North Deal in the Dover district.〔(List of coalfield wards in Kent, The Coalfields Trust )〕 Coal was discovered in the area in 1890 while borings for an early Channel Tunnel project were taking place and the resultant Shakespeare colliery lasted until 1915. In 1911, investigation into whether there was coal or not was planned. Six ‘bore holes’ were put down in search of coal (the locations were Rushbourne, Hoads Wood in Sturry, Herne Bay, Reculver, Chitty (which is near Chislet) and Chislet Park – which is near the future site of Hersden). In the early years many collieries were sunk but failed and the East Kent Light Railway was built to exploit the anticipated business. Extensive plans had been drawn up by 1914 for major coal exploitation in east Kent, and the coalfield expanded rapidly in the late 1920s and early 1930s, with its maximum output reached in 1936. The outbreak of war and disappointing test results eventually resulted in only four collieries surviving: Betteshanger, Chislet, Snowdown and Tilmanstone. Had coal been more easily accessible, the open, rural landscape of east Kent could have changed beyond recognition. ==Geology== Various geologists, including Robert Godwin-Austen, theorised that the geological conditions in East Kent were conducive to the existence of coal and therefore the potential for coal mining. Godwin-Austen put forward his views in 1857, and they were accepted by Sir Joseph Prestwich, who was a member of the Royal Coal Commission from 1866–71.〔(Coal Mining in Kent )〕 The rock sequences found within the concealed coalfields of Kent, Berkshire and Oxfordshire have been formally renamed in recent years using terms established for the South Wales Coalfield. Much of the strata now assigned to the Warwickshire Group was formerly assigned to the Upper Coal Measures.〔(Waters, C.N. et al 2012 )〕〔Waters, C.N. et al 2007. Lithostratigraphical framework for Carboniferous successions of Great Britain (Onshore). ''British Geological Survey Research Report, RR/07/01 60pp〕 The following seams are recognised. They are listed in stratigraphical order with the uppermost/youngest at the top and the lowermost/oldest at the bottom:〔British Geological Survey 1:50,000 scale geological map sheet 289 (England & Wales series) ''Canterbury''. BGS, Keyworth, Notts〕 :Warwickshire Group : * Kent No 1 (Beresford) seam : * Kent No 2 : * Kent No 3 : * Kent No 4 : * Kent No 5 : * Kent No 6 (Millyard) seam :(South Wales) Upper Coal Measures : * no coals :(South Wales) Middle Coal Measures : * Kent No 7 (Chislet No 5) seam : * Kent No 8 : * Kent No 9 : * Kent No 10 : * Kent No 11 :(South Wales) Lower Coal Measures : * Kent No 12 : * Kent No 13 : * Kent No 14 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kent Coalfield」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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